Suchergebnisse

IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; EPTD; DSGD; PIM ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

This paper reviews land reform in six emerging market economies with some similarities to South Africa, and in sub-Saharan African countries, which share a similar colonial history. While care needs to be taken when trying to transplant policies that have worked in other countries, the paper suggests a number of broad lessons. Land reform is a process, not an event: reform programmes need not be set out in full and written in stone at the outset. Particular reforms can be phased in over time in different parts of a country, rather than awaiting a grand design. It is neither necessary nor desirable to make a binary decision between state-led and market-assisted reforms; different approaches can advantageously be taken simultaneously. Markets are particularly important for post-reform success. Flexibility and pragmatism can lead to greater learning, improving effectiveness of reforms over time. Democratic politics are important, both in creating the demand for redistribution and in contributing to its success. Land reforms are generally unsuccessful unless accompanied by complementary support. Reforms can lead to broader growth, in part by creating the basis for an inclusive economy. ; IFPRI5; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; SA-TIED ; DSGD; EPTD ; Non-PR

PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2; A Ensuring Sustainable food production; D Transforming Agriculture; E Building Resilience; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; EPTD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

In 2011, in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Democratic Republic of Congo's government launched the Food Production, Processing, and Marketing project—which aimed to raise incomes and improve food security in the target areas by improving agricultural productivity, market efficiency, and the capacity of producers to respond to market signals. In August–October 2013 and February–March 2014, halfway through the project's implementation, a midline survey was conducted to assess progress with respect to intermediate outcomes. The present paper highlights the results of that assessment survey. We pay close attention to accurate attribution of observed changes to the project and employ a double-difference method that compares the changes in indicators before the project and at the time of the survey (project midline) between the beneficiaries and comparable control groups. Overall, the survey results suggest weak impact on most of the outcome indicators, and they highlight challenges in implementing small-scale farmers' capacity building within the context of weak institutions and a fragile political context. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2; D Transforming Agriculture; E Building Resilience; F Strengthening institutions and governance; DRCSSP; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; DSGD; PIM; EPTD; WCAO ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the policy debate on the changing landscape of agricultural extension and advisory services in Uganda. Particularly, we investigate the effectiveness of different modes of advisory services implemented in Uganda. We compare the effectiveness of pluralistic and demand-driven advisory services with the traditional supply-driven advisory services, which operated along the NAADS approach from 2001 to 2014. Government-affiliated advisory services continued to offer supply-driven advisory services in subcounties where the NAADS program was not operating. We explore the effectiveness of the current agricultural advisory services approach used—with emphasis on gender—to reflect the key role women play in both agricultural production and extension services. We discuss the enabling environment and policies, in which we investigate the historical context of extension services in Uganda. ; PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2; DCA; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; EPTD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

"The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the income of beneficiaries by about 60 percent, which is well above the targeted increase of only 20 percent in the six year period of the project. Regarding rural infrastructure investments, we found that the Fadama II project had positive near-term impacts on beneficiaries' access to markets and transportation costs, although the study revealed surprising effects on beneficiaries' commercial behavior and statistically insignificant impacts on nonfarm activities. We also observed that Fadama II increased the demand for postharvest handling technologies but did not have a significant impact on the demand for financial management and market information. Fadama II reduced the demand for soil fertility management technologies. The decline likely reflects the project's focus on providing postproduction advisory services and suggests the need for the project to increase its support for soil fertility management and thus limit the potential for land degradation resulting from increased agricultural productivity. Overall, the Fadama II project has achieved its goal of increasing the incomes of the beneficiaries in the first year of its operation. The project has also succeeded in targeting the poor and vulnerable in its productive-asset component, even though that did not appear to increase significantly short-term household incomes among the poorest asset tercile. The unique feature that could have contributed to the significant impact of the project in a short time is its broad-based approach, which addresses the major constraints limiting the success of CDD projects that address only one or two constraints. This has implications on planning poverty reduction efforts in low-income countries. Given that the poor face numerous constraints, a CDD project that simultaneously addresses many constraints will likely build synergies that will lead to larger impacts than will a project that addresses only one or two constraints. This suggests the need for the government and donors to pool resources and initiate multipronged CDD projects rather than many isolated projects." -- from Author's Abstract ; IFPRI5 ; EPTD; DSGD ; Non-PR

This study summarizes the concept of the food-energy-water security nexus (FEW nexus). The aim is to create awareness about the importance of the nexus and to enable stakeholders to consider interconnections between the sectors in their work. The FEW nexus is discussed in the context of Africa south of the Sahara (SSA)—using Malawi and Mozambique as case studies. Even though analyzing food, energy, and water security issues simultaneously is critical given the interconnections, summarizing interventions with the FEW nexus approach in Malawi and Mozambique, we found that there are only a limited number of interventions in place. Additionally, this study reviews macro- and microeconomic models that are able to analyze the FEW nexus. On the macrolevel, especially general equilibrium models are discussed, because they show trade-offs and synergies of nexus interventions at all economic levels. These models can help guide policymakers' understanding of nexus effects ex ante and convince them to think beyond their respective political departments. On the microlevel, the impact of nexus interventions can be assessed with qualitative and quantitative approaches. There are specific challenges for nexus interventions when it comes to aggregation and planning of the targeting. A secondary data analysis of nexus interventions shows that existing data is not sufficient to conduct research specifically related to the FEW nexus. The results of this study will help research programs to reflect the key questions required to enhance adoption of FEW technologies and inform policymakers as they formulate policies that will exploit the strong synergies of food security, energy, and water investments. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; A.2 Sustainable Natural Resource Policies; A Ensuring Sustainable food production; CRP2; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; EPTD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)